Iranian
women endure systematic gender discrimination as second class citizens
in Iran, they are deprived of fundamental rights. Of course, the
situation of Iranian women is slightly better than their peers in
Middle-East, but, they undergo many hardships under both Sharia Laws and
backward traditions. Women suffer social inequalities such as lack of
an appropriate job, not allowing to choose desired clothes, forced
marriage in traditional cities, verbal and physical sexual harassment,
and insecurity during hours of the day. Only 33% of Iranian women are
employed, an economic expert Mr. Razzaghi told Khabar Online in late
October of 2015. Most of the people who commit suicide are women. More
than 10% of the students deprived of education are girls between 6 and
17 years old, ISNA declared on October 2014.
Recently,
Iranian news agencies revealed details of a domestic violence case in
which a man tortured his wife and two daughters for 21 days. He jailed
his wife and daughters at house and brutally tortured them. She was
frequently thrown in a metal box and her addicted husband fired a gun
under the box, the victim told the state-run news agency ISNA. She also
added that her naked body was often burnt by an ignited cloths. Her
attorney Ms. Mohebi said that there are no punishments for gender
violence against women under the laws in Iran.
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Iranian
women have been always complaining of harassment during the day in the
streets, public places, bus and metro. In pointing out that women are
not even immune from religious people with traditional viewpoints, she
says: "so many times I've been warned and blamed by women in Islamic
dress that it's because of the way I am dressing."
Arezou
also noted forced marriage in which women and young girls are being
forced by their families to get married because the families will
benefit from this marriage while these women become the victims of
abuse. Many forced marriages occur to stop the bloodshed and retribution
and ending sectarian strife, although these marriages rarely occur in
Iran and usually happen in far-fetched village
Sima
considered wrong traditions of old attitudes in methods of household,
marriage, raising children as other problems of women and said:
following wrong ancestral traditions is something very wrong and
senseless, because society is going forward and we cannot confront
today's standards with the old standards.
Looking at women around the world has become very annoying to women, but this is the reality in backward and Muslim countries.
Maryam
pointed out harassment by some tutors or doctors and said "some male
doctors when they are examining touch our organs in an unusual way and
out of medical methods." She talked about her own personal experience
when she had an injection in the buttock, and was harassed by the
personnel of the injection section. She also mentioned her experience
and those of peers with verbal and physical harassment while visiting
internal medicine and women's physicians. She continued and said that
many teenage or toddler girls were abused by male relatives, by acts
such as kissing the lips or licking their genitals. And after revealing
the incident, the families have remained silent to save their face, this
issue is continuing to seriously threaten women. She also explained her
bitter experience at the airport gate during a physical inspection and
acknowledged that many of her friends had the same experience being
abused at the gate inspections.
Many women are
at risk of exposure to sexual harassment by co-workers or their
employers in the workplace. Many women speak about being asked for
closer or sexual relationships by their employers and they have to
accept these suggestions or they will be fired. Many employers misuse
their positions to achieve their goals and put their female employees
under pressure to have relationships with them.
Iranian
women are often abused in public transport such as buses, subways and
taxis. Most of the women considered lack of codified rules for sexual
violence against women as the major reason of sexual harassment. There
is no significant law against sexual violence to support women against
harassment.
Several
young women felt senselessly victimized by acid throwing (Honor Related
Violence). A series of acid attacks on women in the city of Isfahan
happened around October 2014, raised fears and prompted rumors that the
victims were targeted for not being properly veiled (Islamic dress). The
Islamic vigilantes riding on motorbikes threw acid in at least four
women's faces in Isfahan, but the Media put the number as high as eight.
Maryam Ayubi, an alleged adulteress,
was stoned to death while strapped to a stretcher in 2001.
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Official laws against women in Iran
-Article 1179 of the Civil Code states Parents have the right to punish their children within the limits prescribed by law.
-Article 18 of passport law indicates married women requires their husband's permission to apply for a passport.
-Article
21 of Iran's Constitution indicates the government must ensure the
rights of women in all respects, in conformity with Islamic criteria.
This leaves it up to the clergymen to interpret the laws pertaining to
women.
-Article 232 of the Penal Code, called the Law of "Hudud",
stipulates that the penalty for fornication is flogging 31 to 74 strokes
of the lash, for unmarried male and female offenders.
-Article 638
of the Islamic Penal Code indicates: Women who appear on streets and in
public without the prescribed "Islamic dress (Hijab) will be condemned
to 74 strokes of the lash or ten days to two months prison or fine up to
500.000 Rial (16$).
-Article 115 of Iran's Constitution states the
condition for the presidential candidates the law states that: "The
President must come from among the religious and political statesmen
(rejal)." The word rejal literally means men of high achievement.
-Article
162 of Iran's Constitution states the head of justice department and
attorney general must be 'mojtahed' [a religious man who is able to
issue decree], honest, and knowledgeable in legal subject matters."
-Article
550 of the Islamic Penal code states that the "Diyyah" of a Muslim
woman is half of the "Diyyah" of a Muslim man. By law the life of a
woman has half the value of a man in Islamic criminal law in Iran.
-Article
1105 of the Civil Code states in the relationship between a man and a
woman, the man is responsible as head of the family.
-Article 1117 of
the Civil Code states that the husband may ban his wife from any
technical profession that conflicts with family life or her character.
-Article
1133 of the Civil Code states a man can divorce his wife whenever he so
chooses and does not have to give her advance notice, referring to the
conditions provided in the law.
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