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Politico:
"Days before Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's
controversial address to Congress, Israeli officials are citing a
little-understood element of the Iran nuclear talks as their chief
concern about a potential deal. Concerns that a final deal restricting
Iran's nuclear program will 'sunset' any agreement as early as 2025 have
thrown a new jolt into Israeli officials who had grown resigned to the
idea that Obama will allow Iran a greater uranium enrichment capability
than they would like. 'Ten years is nothing. It's tomorrow from our point
of view,' said Yaakov Amidror, who served as national security adviser to
Netanyahu from 2011 to 2013. 'It's a license for Iran to be a threshold
nuclear state.' A former Obama Pentagon and State Department official who
met with Israeli officials this week said he heard 'resigned acceptance'
on some aspects of the nuclear talks. But not on the question of a
nuclear deal's duration... Critics say that after the expiration of any
deal's natural life, Iran would be free to use the reactors it was
allowed to keep operational for peaceful purposes like producing electricity
and instead use them to produce as much fuel for nuclear weapons as it
likes. Once it had a large stockpile of highly enriched uranium or
plutonium, Iran could fashion nuclear weapons in a matter of weeks,
perhaps faster than the international community would be able to react.
It's not just the Israelis who are upset. Citing reports of a 10- to
15-year sunset period at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing
Tuesday, the panel's top Democrat, Robert Menendez, called that 'a matter
of time that is far less than anyone envisioned.' ... One person who
talks regularly with members of Congress about Iran says that until
recently, many were unaware a nuclear deal would have any sunset clause
at all." http://t.uani.com/1zhILZe
AP:
"In his sharpest criticism yet, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu said Wednesday that world powers 'have given up' on stopping
Iran from developing nuclear weapons in ongoing negotiations. Netanyahu's
comments, at a meeting of his Likud Party outside of Jerusalem, come as
he plans to address the U.S. Congress on the nuclear negotiations... In
his remarks, Netanyahu said that the greatest challenge Israel faces is
'the threat of Iran arming itself with nuclear weapons with a declared
goal of annihilating us.' 'From the agreement that is forming it appears
that they (world powers) have given up on that commitment and are
accepting that Iran will gradually, within a few years, develop
capabilities to produce material for many nuclear weapons,' he said.
'They might accept this but I am not willing to accept this.'" http://t.uani.com/1BZkkGS
Al-Monitor:
"As negotiators close in on a possible nuclear agreement with Iran,
David Albright, one of the most widely quoted Washington experts on the
issue, says that a formula that allows Iran to operate 6,000 rudimentary
centrifuges but keep a stockpile of only 500 kilograms (2,205 pounds) of
low-enriched uranium (LEU) would provide assurance that Iran could not
produce fuel for a nuclear weapon for a year without detection... Gary Samore,
also a former US nuclear negotiator, expressed surprise at Albright's
calculations, saying that another expert, Scott Kemp, an assistant
professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, figures that 6,000
IR-1 centrifuges and 500 kilograms of LEU would yield a breakout time of
seven months... For Olli Heinonen, a senior fellow at the Belfer Center
and former IAEA deputy director general, 6,000 centrifuges is excessive.
Iran does not have enough natural uranium to provide fuel for its one
functioning electric power reactor at Bushehr, for which Russia currently
supplies fuel. There are also ample amounts of highly enriched uranium
around the world - a legacy of the Cold War - that Iran could obtain for
use in reactors that produce medical isotopes, Heinonen said. Under the
2013 interim agreement, the P5+1 said Iran could have enough enriched
uranium to meet its practical needs, which Heinonen estimated could be
met by as few as 1,000 centrifuges. 'Make it small and beautiful,'
Heinonen said." http://t.uani.com/1LIXt45
Nuclear
Program & Negotiations
Reuters:
"Iranian President Hassan Rouhani visited the holy city of Qom on
Wednesday to appeal to its clergy, religious students and lay people to
back his efforts to strike a deal with major powers over the country's
disputed nuclear program... The senior clergy of Qom, a center of
religious authority in the Islamic Republic, has long played a key role
in Iranian politics, shaping public opinion and mobilizing the
population, and some hardline figures among them still need convincing.
Rouhani's speech could be an attempt to tamp down their criticism before
the deadline for the outlines of an agreement expires at the end of
March. The next round of talks is expected to start on March 2 in
Geneva... 'In the negotiations, we will not accept imposition,
humiliation and the continuation of sanctions,' Rouhani said, according
to Fars News." http://t.uani.com/1EuxUld
Sanctions
Relief
WSJ:
"Messrs. Pakzad and Mehran are members of a tightknit community of
middlemen, most of them educated abroad, that help Iranian companies
navigate the maze of financial and trade restrictions imposed on their
country by the U.S. and its allies, who say the Islamic republic is pursuing
a nuclear weapon... The problem: 'Banks are terrified of dealing with
Iranian business, even when it's legal,' said Xavier Houzel, a consultant
who advises European companies on trade with Iran. That gray area is
where Messrs. Pakzad and Mehran thrive. To obscure the Iranian origin of
the funds needed to pay for the aircraft parts, they decide to tap a bank
account in China where Iran keeps some of its money from oil exports.
Because sanctions prevent the Iranian central bank from bringing these
offshore dollars home, Iran encourages its companies to use them to pay
foreign suppliers. The companies reimburse the central bank with funds
held in Iran." http://t.uani.com/1Euxqvo
Trend:
"Iran sold 529 trillion rials (about $19.6 billion) of crude oil and
gas condensates in the first 10 months of the current Iranian fiscal
year, which began on March 21, 2014. Iran's Treasurer General Rahmatollah
Akrami said the income was 81.7 percent of the figure projected in the
national budget, Iran's Mehr news agency reported on Feb. 25. Compared to
the corresponding figure in the same period last year, the figure rose by
26.9 percent, he said. The administration's general revenues hit 724
trillion rials (about $26.8 billion) in the 10-month period, a 43.8
percent rise year on year, he added. He also said that tax revenues
amounted to 540 trillion rials (about $20 billion), a 50.1 percent rise
year on year. The tax income was 92.3 percent of the figure projected in
the national budget, he noted. The Iranian Oil Ministry's official
Facebook page released a report Jan.5, indicating that the country's
current oil export, including the gas condensate is about 1.4 million to
1.5 million barrels per day. Iran exported about 1.1 million barrels of
crude oil and 400,000 barrels of gas condensate during 2014." http://t.uani.com/1FXT6Sp
Trend:
"A Turkish firm will invest $720 million to build a highway in
northwestern Iran. Esmaeil Jabbarzadeh, governor general of Iran's East
Azarbaijan Province, said that the Tabriz-Bazargan highway will be built
by a joint venture through Turkish Bergiz Company, Iran's IRNA news
agency reported on Feb.25. Some 30 trillion rials (about $1.2 billion)
will be invested in the project, he said, adding that 65 percent of the
sum, equal to $720 million, will be invested by the Turkish company and
the rest will be invested by the Iranian Transport and Urban Development
Ministry." http://t.uani.com/1zJ7ZAJ
Sanctions
Enforcement
AP:
"A former defense contractor accused of sending sensitive
information about U.S. military jet programs to his native Iran in an
effort to land a job there pleaded guilty on Wednesday. Mozaffar Khazaee
entered his plea to violating the Arms Export Control Act in federal
court and faces up to 20 years in prison. Sentencing for Khazaee, who's
60, is set for May. Federal prosecutors said Khazaee, who used to live in
Manchester, stole information about engines used in the F35 Joint Strike
Fighter and F-22 Raptor programs from three employers, including East
Hartford-based Pratt & Whitney. He tried to use that information to
get a job with multiple state-controlled universities in Iran from 2009
to 2013, authorities said." http://t.uani.com/1Du1ju9
Iraq Crisis
AFP:
"The United States and Iran have a 'mutual interest' in defeating the
Islamic State group but the long-time foes are not cooperating to do so,
Secretary of State John Kerry said Wednesday. 'They are totally opposed
to ISIL and they are in fact taking on and fighting and eliminating ISIL
members along the Iraqi border near Iran and have serious concerns about
what that would do to the region,' Kerry told lawmakers, referring to IS
by another acronym. 'So we have at least a mutual interest, if not a
cooperative effort.'" http://t.uani.com/1ANSZUX
Human Rights
ICHRI:
"In a letter addressed to the Fédération Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA), the Swiss-based organization responsible for
administering the World Cup soccer competitions, 190 Iranian activists
have asked FIFA to suspend Iran's membership in FIFA, in response to the
Iranian government's ban on the presence of Iranian women in soccer
stadiums. The letter, addressed to FIFA chief, Sepp Blatter, and signed
by prominent Iranian activists such as Nasrin Sotoudeh, Parastou
Forouhar, Mohammad Maleki, and Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi, states that
'The Islamic Republic of Iran's refusal to allow Iranian women into
stadiums to watch soccer matches, a practice started in 1982, has moved
us to seek your assistance as the highest official of FIFA, towards
removal of this unfair ban.'" http://t.uani.com/1wfsh3p
IHR:
"Four prisoners have been hanged in the prison of Rasht during the
past two days, reported the official Iranian media." http://t.uani.com/1FusMM8
Foreign Affairs
AFP:
"Iran denied Wednesday that it has played any part in a Shiite
militia's power grab in Yemen, an accusation levelled by US Secretary of
State John Kerry. Speaking to US lawmakers Tuesday, Kerry said 'critical'
support of the Huthi militia by Shiite-dominated Iran 'contributed' to
the collapse of Yemen's government. Iranian foreign ministry spokeswoman
Marzieh Afkham responded by saying Kerry's statement 'is nothing but a
blame game completely in contradiction to what was previously mentioned
by US officials.'" http://t.uani.com/1zKBL8f
Reuters:
"A court in the United Arab Emirates has sentenced six Iranians,
three of them in absentia, to life in prison for kidnapping a British
businessman who went missing in Dubai in 2013, newspapers reported on
Thursday. Abbas Yazdi, a businessman of Iranian descent who owns a
general trading company in Dubai, disappeared in June 2013 and his wife,
Atena, told a UAE newspaper at the time that she feared he may have been
kidnapped by Iranian intelligence officers. Iran has denied any role in
Yazdi's disappearance." http://t.uani.com/1ap2G3F
Opinion &
Analysis
Robert Joseph
& William Tobey in NRO: "The administration's
defenders are vigorously rebutting allegations that President Obama has
made too many concessions in the negotiations over Iran's nuclear program.
Their defense is a simple statement of fact: There is no agreement yet,
so how can the critics be right? They assert that we must wait until the
outcome is agreed upon before we can assess it. The concern, however, is
both bipartisan and international - with many Democrats voicing alarm and
with Israel and the Arab states alike frustrated that a seemingly
desperate administration has placed Iran's interests above those of its
allies. While Obama's defenders are technically accurate in that Iran has
not yet agreed to what has been placed on the negotiating table, press
reports citing U.S. officials have provided information on the status of
all key issues under consideration and the likely provisions of an
agreement, if Tehran is ultimately able to take yes for an answer. Of
course, if current negotiating trends continue, the terms could get even
worse than described below. They certainly won't get better... The
greatest concession in the negotiations has been the abandonment of the
original U.S. goal of preventing Iran from having a nuclear-weapons
capability. This was a consistent and firm position of the Bush
administration. It was also the position of the Obama administration
until November 2013, when it was given up to secure Iran's consent to the
Joint Plan of Action. Soon after that, Secretary of State Kerry described
the new U.S. goal as taking Iran's 'breakout time' from two months to six
to twelve months - as if we would know when the clock began, and as if we
could do something effective to stop the breakout within that timeframe.
The reality is that we have traded permanent concessions for temporary
restrictions that will leave Iran as a threshold nuclear state able to
build a nuclear weapon whenever it decides to do so. When the deal ends,
Iran can openly go to the brink of nuclear weapons with the blessing of
the international community. The Obama administration will almost
certainly try to portray its nuclear deal with Iran as better than no
deal, and will accuse those who oppose the agreement as choosing war over
peace. Nothing could be further from the truth. A bad deal is far worse
than no deal. A bad deal leaves Iran with a nuclear-weapons capability,
which would be far more destabilizing than a return to tough sanctions. A
bad deal undermines the IAEA's attempts to get to the bottom of Iran's
covert weapons work. A bad deal undermines the Nonproliferation Treaty,
leading to additional dangers around the world. A bad deal is a step
toward conflict and more nuclear proliferation in a region of vital U.S.
interest. Preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear-weapons capability is
the surest way to prevent war and preserve peace. To that end, the
negotiators should return to the table insisting upon limits that will
permanently block Iran's paths to nuclear weapons and resolve the IAEA's
concerns about Tehran's nuclear-weapons work as a condition of an
agreement. The real choice is not between the administration's deal and
war, but between preventing Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and
capitulation." http://t.uani.com/1zhN3jn
William Tobey in
FP: "In Washington, 10 years is a long time - more
than two presidential terms. In the antique land of Persia, however, it
is the blink of an eye. Those negotiating a nuclear deal with Tehran need
to equal the patience of their Iranian counterparts. Now the Associated
Press reports that under a deal being negotiated in Geneva, the central
restrictions on Iran's nuclear program would be phased out after lasting
only 10 years. This is almost inconceivable. Surely no president would
accept an agreement with a term shorter than the time it took to
negotiate it. Surely no president would trade permanent concessions in
return for temporary restrictions on Iran's nuclear program. And surely,
no president would put an international seal of approval on an outcome in
which Iran could return to a breakout time of two months or less (which
was precisely what Secretary of State John Kerry has said the
negotiations seek to avoid). One can only hope that the Associated Press,
not the Obama administration, has made a terrible mistake, but the New
York Times has already corroborated the story. The mullahs in Tehran have
exhibited nothing but patience in pursuit of their goals. The 'students'
that held the American embassy hostage for 444 days painstakingly pieced
back together diplomatic cables that had been shredded into confetti.
Iran fought what was by some estimates the longest conventional war of
the 20th century, enduring horrific casualties. Since 2002, the
International Atomic Energy Agency has struggled against an Iranian
stonewall concealing Tehran's weapons-related activities. And Iran's
President Hassan Rouhani has boasted that he bought time for the nuclear
program when he was its chief diplomatic defender saying, 'While we were
talking with the Europeans in Tehran, we were installing equipment in
parts of the facility in Isfahan, but we still had a long way to go to
complete the project. In fact, by creating a calm environment, we were
able to complete the work on Isfahan' (where Iran converts yellowcake
uranium into gas for enrichment). In the blink of an eye, we may find
Iran as a threshold nuclear weapons state, a bitter outcome made even
worse by U.S. acquiescence to it." http://t.uani.com/1JNxR8N
Michael Weiss in
NOW Lebanon: "A few weeks ago, I met with a senior
US diplomat who characterized the Obama administration's sole foreign
policy objective with one word - 'rapprochement.' This was offered
unprompted and I'd no doubt insult you to make you guess which regime is
the object of the president's single-minded solicitousness. When I asked
if this policy meant that Iran's terrorism and the atrocities being
committed by its militia and death squad proxies in Syria and Iraq would
therefore be downplayed or ignored by the White House, the diplomat
inclined his head slightly in my direction, adding that during his own
recent travels to the Middle East he had encountered many 'reasonable'
people who were similarly terrified and anxious at America's acquiescence
to expanding Khomeinist hegemony in the region. There are also plenty of
unreasonable sorts taking full advantage of this dawning geopolitical
reality - Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, for one - which is why the so-called
strategy to 'degrade and ultimately destroy' the Islamic State (ISIS) is
in fact the jihadist army's greatest propaganda asset. And to think that
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi once had to try to convince Sunnis that the Great
Satan and the Islamic Republic were working together. What began as
Mideast conspiracy theory now has the distinction of being an
aspirational presidential legacy. Benjamin Rhodes, Obama's deputy
national security advisor and the director of strategic communications,
privately whispers about what a great ally Iran would make, so much more responsible
and well-behaved than those awful Gulf states which are now reluctantly
enlisted as avowed partners in a coalition against ISIS. Never has a
Master of Fine Arts in creative writing been so well earned as it has
with Rhodes. As Michael Doran recently observed in an excellent anatomy
of the Obama administration's actual Iran policy, it is this National
Security Council member who also not-so-privately likens a grand bargain
with Tehran to Obamacare as a matter of national priority... It's hard to
overstate the sense of anxiety American allies in the Middle East now
feel about the course American policy has taken in their neighborhood as
the result of a president who wants only one thing before he leaves
office: to bring America's regional nemesis in from the cold. Even allies
whose support the current administration deems uncontroversial feel
abandoned or short-changed. An official in the Kurdistan Regional
Government told me recently that while he applauds US airstrikes, which
kept ISIS from storming Erbil, most of the rest of the advertised effort
to beat the jihadists is false advertising. 'The weapons we have to fight
them are fucking ridiculous,' the official said, noting the stark
contrast with the heavy-duty materiel such as Abrams tanks and Humvees
which both ISIS and the Shiite militias have stolen from the United
States. 'We should have blown ourselves up or beheaded some soldiers.
Then we would have gotten weapons.'" http://t.uani.com/1LJ0MrY
Ali Khedery in FP:
"Washington's response to the Islamic State's (IS) advance, however,
has been disgraceful: The United States is now acting as the air force,
the armory, and the diplomatic cover for Iraqi militias that are
committing some of the worst human rights abuses on the planet. These are
'allies' that are actually beholden to our strategic foe, the Islamic
Republic of Iran, and which often resort to the same vile tactics as the
Islamic State itself... The administration's cumulative mistakes have
played a decisive role in advancing Iraq's implosion, the IS's rise, and
Iran's regional hegemony. From the time that Obama took office until
today, violence in Iraq has spiked nearly fourfold from the post-surge
lows in 2009 - reaching levels not seen since the height of the civil war
in 2006 and 2007. The Islamic State has conquered more than a third of
the country while the Iraqi military imploded, despite a $25 billion
investment in it by American taxpayers. The White House responded by
dispatching thousands of American military, diplomatic, and intelligence
personnel to Iraq in a final bid to put Humpty Dumpty back together
again. But this desperate, ill-conceived effort will inevitably fail
because the administration is employing the chainsaws of Iraq's
Iranian-backed Shiite militias rather than the scalpels of American
special operations forces in its ground war against IS. When it became
clear that the Islamic State posed an existential threat to Iraq's
Shiite-dominated government, the country's top Shiite cleric, Grand
Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, resorted to a measure not taken in a century:
He issued a religious edict calling for all able-bodied men to take up
arms to defend the state. Within months, hundreds of thousands of young
Shiites responded to the call - and today, virtually all of them have
been absorbed into Iranian-dominated militias, whose fundamental identity
is built around a sectarian narrative rather than loyalty to the state.
Recently, one militia commander estimated their total strength at 800,000
men, dwarfing the official Iraqi Security Forces. Meanwhile, the Iranian
Revolutionary Guard Corps' Quds Force, Iran's special forces unit devoted
to operations outside the Islamic Republic's borders, has filled the void
left by Obama's military and diplomatic disengagement from Iraq. Quds Force
commander Gen. Qassem Suleimani has personally led operations from the
front lines, buttressing decades-old alliances while at the same time
cultivating new proxies. The staunchly pro-Iranian Badr Organization
commander Hadi al-Ameri - who was welcomed in the Oval Office by Obama in
2011, and is known for favoring power drills to murder his victims - has
been tasked with leading all Iraqi efforts to secure and pacify the
strategically important province of Diyala. Meanwhile, Abu Mahdi
al-Muhandis, the alleged mastermind behind the bombing of the U.S. and
French embassies in Kuwait in the 1980s, was given command of the Kataib
Hezbollah (KH) militia, an Iranian-sponsored group responsible for some
of the most lethal attacks against U.S. and coalition forces throughout
the war. Muhandis and KH pose such a grave risk to Iraqi stability and
American interests that they were designated as terrorists by the U.S.
Treasury soon after Obama took office in 2009. Qais al-Khazali, the
commander of the Iranian-sponsored Asaib Ahl al-Haq (AAH) militia, which
kidnapped and killed five American soldiers at Iran's behest in the holy
city of Karbala in 2007, proudly shared his recent photo with Suleimani
via social media. This constellation of Iranian-backed militias is eclipsing
official Iraqi institutions, and sowing the seeds of conflict for decades
to come... It is high time that U.S. officials recognize the
Iranian-backed Shiite militias for what they are: a supercharged,
multi-headed hydra that represents a clear and present danger to Syria,
Iraq, the broader Middle East, and thus to fundamental American national
security interests... And let's not forget that it is in Iran's strategic
interest to use these militias to consolidate its gains over Iraq and the
Levant, and to advance its ambitions for regional hegemony, which Iranian
commanders are now publicly flaunting." http://t.uani.com/1LEX94z
Robert Einhorn in
NYT: "Fortunately, even if an agreement cannot
eliminate Iran's capability to enrich uranium to weapons grade, it can
prevent Iran from exercising that capability. It can do so by deterring
Iran's leaders from making the decision to break out of the agreement and
produce nuclear weapons. To deter such a decision, a deal should meet
three requirements. First, it should have rigorous monitoring measures to
convince Iran that any attempt to violate and break out of the agreement
at either declared or covert sites would be detected very quickly. This
would require intrusive verification provisions that go beyond the
measures contained in the International Atomic Energy Agency's additional
protocol, including frequent access to centrifuge production facilities,
detailed reporting of nuclear-related procurement and robust inspection
procedures. Second, the accord should ensure that the time Iranians would
need to produce one bomb's-worth of weapons-grade uranium would be long
enough to enable the United States and others to intervene decisively to
stop them. The Obama administration is seeking to increase this 'breakout
time' from the current two-to-three months to at least one year, which is
more than enough time to exhaust diplomatic efforts and economic
pressures before turning, if necessary, to military force. Getting to one
year would depend on a package of interrelated constraints, including on
the number and type of operating centrifuges and the amount of enriched
uranium Iran would be allowed to retain. There is nothing magic about any
particular number of centrifuges. The lower the amount of enriched
uranium, the higher can be the number of centrifuges without shortening
breakout time, and vice versa. With the Iranians reportedly willing to
ship most of their enriched uranium stocks to Russia, the so-called P5+1
- the United States, France, Germany, Russia, China and Britain - may be
closing in on a package that would achieve the desired one-year breakout
time. Negotiators may have taken a step closer last weekend in Geneva by
making headway on the agreement's duration, apparently discussing a
duration of perhaps 15 years, with some restrictions on Iran gradually
relaxed in the final years of the agreement. Third, it is necessary to
convince Iran's leaders not only that breakout would take a long time and
would be detected promptly, but also that they would face a harsh
international response that would prevent their breakout from succeeding.
To supplement any agreement, the Obama administration should collaborate
with its international partners and the Congress on contingency plans -
including both economic and military options - to ensure that the threat
of a decisive response to a breakout attempt is credible. Members of
Congress and other interested parties, both at home and abroad, will
judge for themselves whether any agreement eventually reached provides a sufficient
deterrent against a future Iranian decision to pursue nuclear weapons. In
forming these judgments, it is important to compare the eventual deal not
with an ideal but unattainable agreement but with the alternatives to a
negotiated solution. One alternative is to try to ratchet up sanctions
dramatically in the hope of pressuring Iran to make concessions it has
been unwilling to make. But it may be very difficult to persuade states
that have supported sanctions at considerable cost to themselves to adopt
much tougher measures, especially if Iran is successful in portraying
itself as not to blame for the negotiating impasse. And even if the
United States could persuade others to adopt stronger sanctions, it is
questionable whether they would produce the desired Iranian flexibility,
given Iran's ability so far to withstand punishing sanctions and the
repeated assertions by the country's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali
Khamenei, that Iran can make do economically without an agreement.
Another alternative is military force. A military attack could set back
Iran's nuclear program. But such a setback would probably only be
temporary, and the use of force could trigger an Iranian decision to go
for nuclear weapons as soon as possible, a decision the American intelligence
community believes has so far been deferred. Moreover, the use of force
could end I.A.E.A. monitoring, the best source of information about
Iran's nuclear program, and lead to the unraveling of international
sanctions that would be needed to keep pressure on Iran in a post-attack
environment." http://t.uani.com/1vC91SV
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