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There's No Difference between ISIS and ISILThe ISIS vs. ISIL controversy first emerged, as far as I can tell, when FoxNews.com published "Obama's Use of ISIL, not ISIS, Tells Another Story" on Aug. 24, an analysis of the two acronyms by Liz Peek of the Fiscal Times. Peek argued: both describe the same murderous organization. The difference is that the Levant describes a territory far greater than simply Iraq and Syria. It's defined as this: The Levant today consists of the island of Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and part of southern Turkey In other words, Levant inflates the group's ambitions from merely two countries to significantly more. Some go even further; Phyllis Chesler tentatively adds Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf emirates. Peek sees in this a cunning sleight of hand by Obama de-emphasizing his failures in Syria and Iraq. Others suspect him of gratuitously yanking Israel into the equation. But there is no meaningful geographic or political difference between the two translations. In Arabic, the organization (at least until it was renamed in late June 2014) is Ad-Dawla as-Islamiya fi'l-Iraq wa'sh-Sham (الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام, known in Arabic by the acronym Da'sh). All but the final word are simple to translate; Sham, usually translated as Greater Syria, has no exact equivalent in English. Greater Syria is a amorphous geographic and cultural term like Middle West or Middle East that lacks official boundaries: it always includes the modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, as well as the Palestinians territories, but some also consider it to include parts of Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, and even all of Cyprus.
Because "Greater Syria" is heavy on the tongue, Da'sh's name gets simplified to "Syria." But that name being so easily confused with the existing state of Syria which first came into existence in 1946, others choose to translate "Sham" as "Levant." Although Levant has the distinct advantage of not being thus confused, it is an archaic word dating to the fifteenth century full of gentle and exotic connotations utterly inappropriate to the murderous Da'sh. Its borders are also imprecise, referring vaguely to the countries of the eastern Mediterranean, where the sun rises (levant is French for "rising"). In short, both translations are accurate, both are correct, and both have deficiencies – one refers to a state, the other has an archaic ring. For reasons unknown to me, the executive branch of the U.S. government adopted the ISIL nomenclature and its staff generally use this term, even though members of Congress, the media, and specialists (including me) generally prefer ISIS. So, let's not worry how to translate Da'sh and concentrate our efforts instead on ridding the world of this barbaric menace.
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Friday, September 12, 2014
There's No Difference between ISIS and ISIL
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