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In Turkey, an
Unnecessary Prosecution
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Originally published under the title "Turkey's Oppression Machine."
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Ishak
Alaton (left), a 90-year-old Turkish Jewish industrialist, is being
investigated on charges of "supporting terror" for providing
financial and moral support to Fethullah Gulen (right), a U.S.-based
political rival of Turkey's president.
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It was 1942 when, one day, Hayim Alaton, a Jewish yarn importer in
Istanbul, received two payment notices from the tax office: He was asked to
pay 80,000 liras in total -- a fortune at that time. He ran to the tax
office to object, but was told to pay the whole amount within 15 days. It
was the infamous Wealth Tax, passed on Nov. 11, 1942 and it remained in
effect for a year and a half until it was repealed on March 14, 1944.
The Wealth Tax exclusively targeted Turkey's non-Muslims at a time when
300,000 Orthodox Greeks and 100,000 Jews were living in Istanbul (where
total population was one million). The law stated that the homes and
workplaces of those non-Muslims who could not afford the tax would be
sequestered. Alaton was able to pay no more than 11,000 liras. That was the
start of "black years," as Alaton's son, 15 years old at that
time, would later recall.
Before long, the Alaton's home and store were sequestered. The merchandise
in the store and the goods in stock were sold at auction. Every item in the
Alaton home, including kitchen utensils, bed frames and lamps were seized
and sold too. The family of six was left only with mattresses. In later
days, Alaton was taken from his home and sent to a tent camp in Istanbul
where he was kept for two months. There were no meals, so his children
would bring him whatever food they could find. One day the 15-year-old
Ishak went to the camp and saw his father's tent empty. The Turkish
authorities had put Alaton, along with many others, on a train bound for
the town of Askale, in eastern Turkey, where the non-Muslims would be
forced to perform physical labor, in this instance, cutting stones on a
hill. Alaton would stay in the forced-labor camp for two hard winters and
one summer.
The family would not hear from him for a year. During that time, the
bodies of 20 laborers at Askale were sent home. Ishak recalls his father's
return: "One evening, there was a knock on our door and an aged, wretched
beggar stepped in. We wondered who he was and looked at him with curiosity.
When he started to speak, we knew from his voice that he was my
father."
By that time, the family business had gone bankrupt and Alaton, in the
grip of a crippling depression, could not leave home. He died running a
small store where he sold a small inventory of imported goods.
Under AKP rule, non-Muslims have
experienced systematic government intimidation.
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In a 2011 interview,
Hayim Alaton's son, Ishak, who, after turbulent years in his youth, would
found one of Turkey's most successful industrial conglomerates, would
praise Turkey's ruling Islamists, the Justice and Development Party (AKP)
by saying "the AKP has taken many positive steps to improve the
situation of non-Muslim minorities."
Unfortunately, that was a premature conclusion, as the younger Alaton
would learn four years later.
Under the AKP rule, Turkey's dwindling Jewish community, now at around a
mere 17,000, as well as other non-Muslims, have come under systematic
intimidation from government politicians and bureaucrats. These non-Muslim
minorities are also often the targets of racist attacks.
Now 90, Ishak Alaton, although widely respected as "a man of
wisdom" by the Turks -- Jews, Christians and Muslims alike -- is under
scrutiny on charges of supporting terror.
An Ankara prosecutor is inspecting claims that Alaton has provided
financial and moral support to what the state bureaucracy calls "the
parallel structure" -- a movement led by an influential U.S.-based
Muslim cleric, Fethullah Gulen. Gulen and his movement were staunch AKP
allies until the end of 2013, when the two engaged in an all-out
war. The Gulenists accuse Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and
the AKP of autocratic rule and corruption, and the Turkish government has
declared the Gulenists a terror organization that aims to topple the
government.
The charges against Alaton are based on his 2013 biography, Unnecessary
Man, and were leveled after a former colleague of Alaton's filed a
criminal complaint against him. Some passages in the book refer to Alaton's
support for the Gulen movement schools outside Turkey, particularly one in
Moscow. The probe has been ongoing for about a year.
This is the passage
from the biography that the prosecutors may be thinking is an evidence of
the 90-year-old man's support for terror:
This [Gulen] movement is a great
educational movement. It educates people. It changes people's outlook on
life and makes them into better equipped, worldly people. The Gulen
movement is involved in educational efforts. I've seen the outcome of such
efforts with my own eyes. Once in Moscow we, as a company, participated in
the establishment of such a school. We managed to acquire the land from the
Moscow municipality and the school began there. The Russian officials asked
us, 'What are they trying to do? We don't know them, what do you say?' [My
business partner] Uzeyir Garih and I vouched for them, we told them [the
Russians], 'Don't worry, let them build the school.'
When it comes to persecution Turkey's state machinery never changes.
Burak Bekdil is an Ankara-based
columnist for the Turkish daily Hürriyet and a fellow at the Middle East Forum.
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