Tuesday, September 15, 2015

Eye on Iran: Conglomerate Controlled by Iran's Supreme Leader a Winner from Nuclear Deal






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Reuters: "The historic nuclear deal reached between Iran and major world powers has yet to be implemented, but one clear winner has emerged: Iran's highest authority, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Khamenei has yet to publicly back the accord, which lifts some sanctions on Iran in return for limits on its nuclear program. But he does stand to benefit, thanks to his close control of one of the most powerful and secretive organizations in Iran -- 'Setad Ejraiye Farmane Hazrate Emam,' or Setad. The deal, which is likely to go into effect after clearing a major Congressional hurdle last week, lifts U.S. secondary sanctions on Setad and about 40 firms it owns or has a stake in, according to a Reuters tally based on annexes to the deal. The delisting of Setad -- which has little connection to Iran's nuclear program but is close to Iran's ruling elite -- feeds into U.S. Republicans' criticism that the deal will empower Iran's hardliners and help fund its regional ambitions... Setad was originally sanctioned by the U.S. Treasury in June 2013. The conglomerate 'produces billions of dollars in profits for the Iranian regime each year,' said David Cohen, then the Treasury's under secretary for terrorism and financial intelligence, at a Senate banking committee hearing that year. Setad, Cohen said at the time, controls 'massive off-the-books investments' hidden from the Iranian people and regulators... Already, one Setad firm appears to be moving to take advantage of the deal. Ghadir Investment Company, which the U.S. Treasury identified as a Setad-linked firm, signed a 500 million euro ($565 million) contract with the engineering unit of Finmeccanica, a spokesman for the Italian defense group said in August." http://t.uani.com/1goEf98

AP: "Senate Republicans will try a second time on Tuesday to move ahead on a resolution rejecting the Iran nuclear deal, and the outcome is expected to be the same: Democrats are poised to block the measure and preserve President Barack Obama's foreign policy win. Last week, Senate Democrats blocked GOP attempts to get a disapproval resolution to Obama's desk and House Republicans settled for passing two related measures that are never expected to get out of Congress... Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., has scheduled another vote Tuesday to end debate, but that motion is likely to be blocked by Senate Democrats as well. It's unclear if this is the last vote the Republican-led Senate will take on the Iran nuclear deal. Though measure is unlikely to advance, Republicans are staging the Senate vote to make political points against Democrats and in future Senate races. They point to polls showing Americans have reservations about the deal. Republicans are also working to craft new sanctions legislation to maintain a hardline stance against Iran. Looking ahead to next year's elections, Republican campaign committees also have targeted Democrats who backed the deal and some organizations against the deal already have threatened to withdraw political contributions from members of Congress who backed it." http://t.uani.com/1OtdHRK

NYT: "Russia has sent some of its most modern battle tanks to a new air base in Syria in what American officials said Monday was part of an escalating buildup that could give Moscow its most significant military foothold in the Middle East in decades. Pentagon officials said that the Russian weapons and equipment that had arrived suggested that the Kremlin's plan is to turn the airfield south of Latakia in western Syria into a major hub that could be used to bring in military supplies for the government of President Bashar al-Assad. It might also serve as a staging area for airstrikes in support of Syrian government forces. 'We have seen movement of people and things that would suggest the air base south of Latakia could be used as a forward air operating base,' Capt. Jeff Davis, a Pentagon spokesman, said Monday. American military specialists analyzing satellite photographs and other information said Russia had about half a dozen T-90 tanks, 15 howitzers, 35 armored personnel carriers, 200 marines and housing for as many as 1,500 personnel at the airfield near the Assad family's ancestral home. And more is on the way as Russia appears to be trying to increase its influence in Syria amid the civil strife there, the officials said... The Russian efforts appear to be facilitated by Iran, which also backs the Assad government and gave permission to the Russians to fly over its territory. In late July, Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, the head of the Quds Force, who has been directing Iran's military support for Mr. Assad, is believed to have gone to Moscow despite a United Nations travel ban." http://t.uani.com/1istVyG

Nuclear Program & Agreement

WSJ: "It remains unclear how long it will take to implement the nuclear agreement between Iran and six major powers and lift sanctions on Tehran, U.S. Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz said Monday, with Iran still having a 'big job' ahead to meet its commitments. In a news conference in Vienna on the sidelines of the International Atomic Energy Agency's annual conference, Mr. Moniz said that with Congress now appearing unlikely to block the nuclear deal, the Obama administration is turning its focus to implementation... 'They've a big job ahead of them,' Mr. Moniz said of Iran. 'Many have estimated the order of six months. They are clearly going to try to make it shorter than that because obviously they have every advantage in terms of economic relief to make it earlier. 'It's going to depend upon the scale of their trained manpower and the ability to do an awful lot of jobs in parallel. So we don't know.'" http://t.uani.com/1US3nYN

Al-Monitor: "Iranian Foreign Minister and chief nuclear negotiator Mohammad Javad Zarif finally testified before parliament's special committee to review the comprehensive nuclear deal between Iran and the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany (P5+1)... Zarif praised his deputies, Seyed Abbas Araghchi and Majid Takht-Ravanchi, for being able to negotiate the country out of the UN sanctions. He said that this was the first time a country was able to negotiate out of Chapter 7 UN sanctions, saying that it took 10 years after Saddam Hussein's downfall for Chapter 7 sanctions on Iraq to be removed. Zarif said that the 'reversibility,' or the so-called snapback of sanctions, was a compromise in order to remove sanctions at once... Since the P5+1 wanted to remove sanctions step by step, according to Zarif, and Iran wanted the sanctions removed immediately, the compromise of 'reversibility' of sanctions was introduced. Zarif said that this arrangement works to Iran's benefit because if any of the P5+1 countries fail to live up to their obligations, Iran can quickly return to its nuclear work, but the implementation of sanctions is much more time-consuming and complex." http://t.uani.com/1FKiW8v

Reuters: "The head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog will visit Tehran this week, joining a group of experts who were due to fly late on Monday, Iran's top nuclear official said. Ali Akbar Salehi spoke in Vienna after meeting International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Yukiya Amano, who is responsible for monitoring whether Iran complies with a nuclear deal reached with world powers on July 14. The IAEA said in an email that a visit by Amano to Tehran was under consideration but the 'details are still to be worked out'... 'About 12 or 13 IAEA experts are going to Tehran tonight and Amano will visit in the next three or four days,' Salehi said on state television late on Monday." http://t.uani.com/1QCPLuB

Sanctions Relief

Reuters: "AccorHotels has agreed a deal to use its Novotel and Ibis brands on two hotels it manages at Tehran's main international airport and is setting its sights on growth potential in the country. AccorHotels said it would be the first international hotel group to launch its brands in Iran when the deal with the owner of the hotels, Aria Ziggurat Tourism Development Co, takes effect next month. Iran is set to have relief from international sanctions next year following an agreement with six world powers in July to curb a nuclear programme that the West feared was aimed at making nuclear weapons. Iran has denied that allegation. The two hotels, a midscale Novotel IKIA with 296 rooms and an economy Ibis IKIA with 196 rooms, are linked to the main terminal of Imam Khomeini International Airport. The owner Aria Ziggurat Tourism Development Co is part of tourism investment holding SEMEGA. 'Our brands are looking at huge growth potential in this country, which is home to almost 80 million people and is expanding its economy,' AccorHotels Chief Executive Sebastien Bazin said in a statement on Tuesday." http://t.uani.com/1FcHP1O

WSJ: "Mr. Aliabadi is part of a small but increasingly visible group of Iranian-Americans who have returned to Iran to help bring western business back, too. A 32-year-old former Pittsburgh resident, he has worked as a business adviser in Tehran for the past six years, helping European, U.S. and Asian corporations devise a strategy for working in Iran when nuclear sanctions are lifted. Their work has taken on new urgency after July's agreement by the U.S. and other world powers to pull back sanctions in exchange for curbs on Iran's nuclear program... Mr. Aliabadi is joined by other Iranians who have moved back to Tehran to serve as a bridge to their ancestral home. Majid Zamani, for instance, a former consultant to the World Bank, heads Kardan Bank, which helps Iranian companies raise funds. Iranian returnees 'are the advance party laying the ground for foreign companies,' said Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, the organizer of the Europe-Iran Forum, an event focused on Iranian business opportunities in Geneva next week." http://t.uani.com/1Lw2zi3

Reuters: "Iran wants China's help to resolve tensions and unrest in the Middle East and is ready to play host to more Chinese firms once sanctions against it are lifted, Iran's foreign minister said on Tuesday... 'China and Iran find mutual benefits in many areas,' Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif told his Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi, at the beginning of a meeting in Beijing. China is the biggest customer of Iranian oil and Zarif said their economies were 'complementary'. The two countries faced 'similar challenges as well as opportunities', he said... 'After the agreement is implemented, illegal sanctions imposed upon Iran by Western countries will be lifted, a lot of Chinese companies will have more chances to cooperate with Iran,' he said." http://t.uani.com/1idRMkX

Press TV (Iran): "A major Austrian oil company has indicated its readiness to purchase crude oil from Iran, following suit with other European companies that have already taken a similar step. In an interview with the Iranian Oil Ministry's official SHANA news agency on Sunday, managing director of ROTH oil group, noted that the group is mulling plans to start purchasing crude oil from Iran. Rudi Roth noted that his company cooperated with Iran in the field of crude trade during past years, expressing hope that following removal of sanctions against Iran, it would once again start purchasing Iran's oil." http://t.uani.com/1USPQuC

Al Arabiya: "The opening of a new air corridor between two neighboring countries rarely captures the attention of the world's media. But when Emirates Airline launched flights from Dubai to Mashhad on 1 September, everyone knew the UAE flag-carrier was thinking about much more than its own bilateral links with Iran. Air traffic between the two countries has been rising since long before July's landmark nuclear agreement... FlyDubai has followed suit by expanding its Iranian network from two to nine destinations this year, while Etihad has more than doubled frequencies on its Abu Dhabi-Tehran route. Much the same script is being followed across the water in Doha, where flag-carrier Qatar Airways has grown seat capacity on its three Iranian routes by 30% since last summer." http://t.uani.com/1Kdk74q

Cyberwarfare

NYT: "A question from a member of the Pentagon's new cyberwarfare unit the other day prompted President Obama to voice his frustration about America's seeming inability to deter a growing wave of computer attacks, and to vow to confront the increasingly aggressive adversaries who are perpetrating them. 'Offense is moving a lot faster than defense,' Mr. Obama told troops on Friday at Fort Meade, Md., home of the National Security Agency and the United States Cyber Command. 'The Russians are good. The Chinese are good. The Iranians are good.' The problem, he said, was that despite improvements in tracking down the sources of attacks, 'we can't necessarily trace it directly to that state,' making it hard to strike back... In classified sessions, American intelligence agencies have told members of Congress that while computer attacks on the United States emanating from Iran decreased during the negotiations over the nuclear accord, they believe that an Iran stymied in developing a nuclear ability over the next 10 to 15 years is likely to pour more resources into cyberweapons. Such weapons have already been used against the Navy, American banks, a Las Vegas casino and Saudi Arabia's largest oil producer, without setting off significant retaliation." http://t.uani.com/1URVxOU

Human Rights

WashPost: "The brother of detained Washington Post reporter Jason Rezaian urged a U.N. rights panel on Tuesday to help obtain the journalist's release from an Iranian prison where he awaits a verdict after trial for charges including espionage. Ali Rezaian, speaking to the U.N. Human Rights Committee at its meeting in Geneva, said Iran has violated its international commitments and its own law in detaining his brother for nearly 14 months and trying him in closed-door sessions of the Revolutionary Court... But the timing of Rezaian's plea to the committee is awkward for Iran. President Hassan Rouhani is preparing to travel to New York to attend the annual U.N. General Assembly later this month, and he is planning a series of meetings with scholars and journalists to present Iran's views on the nuclear agreement reached with six world powers, including the United States... 'Jason has been mistreated and psychologically abused,' Ali Rezaian said. 'He has suffered serious untreated infections, lost [55 pounds], and struggled with respiratory and other complications. His mental health deteriorates daily in the face of prolonged isolation and intimidation.'" http://t.uani.com/1W07X4g

RFE/RL: "It's a man's world for Niloufar Ardalan, one of Iran's best female soccer players and known as Lady Goal for her on-field exploits in international women's Islamic tournaments. Ardalan says she will not be able to compete in an upcoming tournament in Malaysia because her husband has refused to grant her permission to travel abroad as required by Islamic laws enforced in Iran. The 30-year-old athlete has captained Iran's national team and was set to compete in the Asian Football Confederation's women's championship in futsal, an indoor version of soccer in which each team fields five players, to be held in the Malaysian town of Nilai on September 21-26. In Iran, however, married women need the consent of their husbands to leave the country and can be banned from traveling abroad if their spouses do not sign the paperwork needed to obtain or renew a passport... The frustrated soccer star says she had trained hard for weeks to compete in the games and make her country proud. 'But my husband didn't give me my passport so that I can [participate] in the games, and because of his opposition to my travel abroad, I [will] miss the matches,' Ardalan said in a September 11 interview with the news site Nasimonline.ir." http://t.uani.com/1FcLigN

Opinion & Analysis

UANI Advisory Board Member Michael Gerson in WashPost: "Since the Iran nuclear deal was announced in mid-July, the world has been treated to an unusual historic spectacle. As President Obama was busy twisting congressional arms to prevent repudiation of the agreement, the Iranian regime has been systematically humiliating him. Almost immediately, bulldozers began sanitizing the Parchin nuclear complex, where Iran is suspected to have researched the weaponization of nuclear technology - a final taunt to mark the erasure of the United States' 'red line' demand that Iran account for the 'possible military dimensions' of its nuclear program. Iran's military and Revolutionary Guard Corps leaders still publicly dispute there will be any inspections of military facilities. Ten days after the deal was announced, Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani flew to Moscow (in defiance of a U.N. travel ban) to meet with Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and President Vladimir Putin. In short order, Iranian and Russian military forces began arriving in Syria, apparently to prop up the faltering regime of President Bashar al-Assad. In addition to tanks and drones, the Russians have sent prefabricated housing and mobile air traffic control systems, all the signs of an extended stay. Several weeks after the deal's announcement, Iran's nuclear chief, Ali Akbar Salehi, revealed that Iran had found unexpectedly generous domestic reserves of uranium, which may come in handy someday. The Iranian military unveiled a new generation of surface-to-surface ballistic missiles. And Iranian leaders continue to deny the legitimacy of all U.N. Security Council restrictions on the importation of weapons. 'We will sell and buy weapons whenever and wherever we deem it necessary,' President Hassan Rouhani has said. 'We will not wait for permission from anyone or any resolution.' Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's Twitter feed is a stream of provocative trolling, promising the end of Israel, posting an image that appears to be the silhouette of Obama with a gun to his head and threatening that in any military confrontation 'the one who will emerge loser will be the aggressive and criminal U.S.' The Iranian supreme leader and Donald Trump have this much in common: They find their opponents to be losers. This is bound to be one of the reasons that a clear majority of Americans and a majority of the House and Senate oppose the Iranian nuclear deal - because Iran has done everything possible to rub America's face in Obama's concessions. Obama was left to save the deal through a crude and partisan appeal. The Iranian regime's motives in all this are evident. The demonstration of U.S. impotence has been a long-term goal of Iranian public diplomacy. Their message to people across the Middle East: The United States won't be here forever to protect you, so it is a mistake to side with them against us. Iran is effectively announcing that it will be more aggressive in the region after the deal, not less. And it has an increased capacity to do so - flush with cash, released from constraints and basking in new legitimacy. 'The dictator has been careful, all along,' says Michael Doran of the Hudson Institute, 'to make sure that the deal appeared, at home and abroad, as the U.S. capitulating to Iran. We made it very easy for him to do that, because we conceded all our red lines, and he conceded on none of his. He could depict it as a capitulation, because it was.'" http://t.uani.com/1KksI2b

UANI Advisory Board Member Michael Singh in War on the Rocks: "President Obama's defense of the Iran nuclear deal rests on a simple premise: It's either this deal or war. According to the administration, not only is there no better deal to be had, but the inevitable consequence of rejecting the deal will be an eventual military conflict with Iran. Our government's acceptance of the deal is now a foregone conclusion, but it is still worth noting that 'this deal or war' is a false choice three times over. Regardless of whether one felt the deal on offer was the best choice, there were plainly alternatives to it other than war. Nor was the notion that President Obama might engage in military conflict with Iran a credible one. Despite the possibility that the deal would not materialize prior to its announcement on July 14 or that it might later face legislative defeat, no preparation for the possibility of conflict was apparent. The administration was quick to dismiss the effectiveness of the 'military option' even as it insisted that it remained on the table. Paradoxically, even had U.S. military threat been credible, the 'this deal or war' formulation would still have been false; indeed, it would have disproved itself. The United States did not and does not desire a conflict with Iran, but retains the capacity to prosecute one if necessary. By contrast, the Iranian regime cannot afford a military clash with the United States. If Iranian leaders felt that the United States would respond militarily to certain nuclear advances (or other actions), they most likely would be deterred from taking those actions. During the final phase of the nuclear talks, the United States sacrificed its leverage by forsaking deterrence. In any negotiation, each party must compare the deal on offer with the likely alternatives. By denigrating or dismissing the alternatives to a negotiated accord - whether strengthened sanctions or military action - Western negotiators allowed Iran to hold out for a better deal. Despite U.S. assertions that officials were ready to walk away from the negotiating table, in reality American rhetoric suggested that we had nowhere to go. This might all now be primarily a matter of historical interest were it not for the fact that deterrence will continue to play a vital role in enforcing or improving the nuclear accord in the coming years. States adhere to treaties not because they harbor a sense of fairness or deference to legal authority, but because they keenly appreciate their national interests. These commitments are kept out of concern for the consequences of other courses of action rather than mere fealty to the text. In this sense, treaties tend not to shape reality but codify it - states often would take the actions pledged in a treaty even in its absence. In such cases, what treaties usefully provide is enhanced exchange of information. Rather than each side simply guessing about whether the other is taking a particular action, treaties provide a mechanism for dialogue and verification to provide greater assurance, thereby preventing misunderstandings. Therefore, Iran must continue to believe it remains in its interest to keep its commitments as the nuclear deal is implemented. For this to be the case, the consequences of violating the deal must be serious and credible. These should include renewed sanctions, which are certainly preferable to military action if they can be made effective. But sanctions work only with the cooperation of other states, including some (like Russia or China) that are unlikely to be sympathetic to U.S. concerns regarding Iranian behavior. Even with broad international support, the pressure of sanctions may be insufficient or take effect too slowly to deter Iran in a scenario where it is determined to gain nuclear weapons. For this reason, the United States must retain and project a credible military option in the event of Iranian violations. This will not only deter Iran, but will also provide a powerful incentive to other states to urge Iran to keep its commitments. In the event of an Iranian failure to comply with the deal, a credible U.S. military option will also help convince other states to join the United States in re-imposing sanctions, even if only to avert an American military action against Iran that would be damaging to their interests." http://t.uani.com/1Mplf8P

Alex Shirazi in The Daily Beast: "When the world's major powers struck a deal over Iran's nuclear program in Vienna in July, it represented a victory not just for the Islamic Republic, which has now been granted international legitimacy as a nuclear threshold state, but also for a small but increasingly influential lobby in America, one which has long sought rapprochement between Washington and Tehran and now seeks to leverage a successfully concluded nuclear deal as a means to that end.  This Iran lobby, publicly represented by the National Iranian American Council (NIAC), has become a staunch institutional ally of the White House selling the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, as the nuclear deal is known. But while NIAC has done the heavy-lifting-the ad-buying, the leafleting, and Congressional meet-and-greets, all designed to sell lawmakers on the Iran deal-its political efforts also underwrite the economic interests of one very well connected but low-profile Iranian family, the Namazis, who played a key role as intellectual architects of NIAC... In November 1999, when Khatami was still president and, Siamak Namazi got together with a Swedish-Iranian expat named Trita Parsi at a conference in Cyprus. The conference, titled, 'Dialogue and Action Between the People of Iran and America,' was convened jointly by the Centre for World Dialogue, a Cypriot non-governmental organization, and by Hamyaran, an Iranian non-governmental resource center for other NGOs, which was chaired by Mohammad Bagher Namazi, the family patriarch. Namazi fils and Parsi there presented an influential white paper, 'Iran-Americans: The bridge between two nations,' which called for three steps to ameliorate U.S.-Iranian relations in advance of reconciliation... The white paper led to the creation two years later, in 2001, of NIAC, a Washington, D.C.-based organization which Parsi founded and currently heads... Parsi was extremely well-placed to front the Iran lobby. He had obtained a doctorate at Johns Hopkins on a subject intimately tied to the lobby's central thesis-the relationship between Israel and Iran and how the former hindered the latter's acceptance in the U.S. He even studied under Francis Fukuyama, a onetime neoconservative policy intellectual who abandoned his ideological comrades when the Iraq war went south. Finally, Parsi had gained valuable political experience on the Hill by working for Republican Congressman Bob Ney, a connection he has not included in his curriculum vitae and official website. (Ney went to jail in 2007 for accepting bribes from mega-lobbyist Jack Abramoff's Native American casino clients.) While serving as president of NIAC, Parsi also wrote intelligence briefings as an 'affiliate analyst in Washington, D.C.' for AB, focusing on such topics as whether or not the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) would revive its anti-Iran campaigning on the eve of the Iraq war, or on efforts by the Mujahideen-e Khalq (MeK), the militant Iranian opposition group that exposed Natanz in 2002 would get itself de-listed as a terrorist entity by the U.S. State Department. Parsi was paid for his work for the consultancy, as disclosed by an email sent from Bijan Khajehpour to him, dated Sept. 22, 2002, an employment that Parsi did not mention when fulsomely praising Khajehpour in the Huffington Post as an ideal Iranian businessman... Indeed, it has also tried to define the parameters of acceptable Iranian civil society groups (i.e., ones that never really undermined the regime) by partnership with Hamyaran, described by NIAC as an 'NGO umbrella organization'. In reality, however, it was conceived as more of a governmental non-governmental organization and launched by those close to Iranian President Mohammad Khatami-its board member was Hossein Malek Afzali, a deputy minister in Khatami's government). By NIAC's own admission, the organizatiom 'operates independently, but with the implicit permission of the Iranian government.' (Emphasis added.) Hamyaran's board of directors was also once chaired by Namazi paterfamilias Mohammed Bagher. Hamyaran obtained support from the congressionally funded National Endowment for Democracy-as did NIAC, which received Endowment funding in 2002, 2005, and 2006 in the collective amount of close to $200,000. NIAC described Hamyaran to the Endowment in 2004 as its 'main partner in Iran.' Perhaps unsurprisingly, among those civil society groups selected for NIAC and Hamyaran's 'Digital Film Production Workshop Report,' a training program for Iranian activists to learn how to use digital media, were those described as having been 'contracted by the Iranian government' or 'worked closely with the Iranian government.' As for NIAC, Carl Gershman, the president of the National Endowment for Democracy, told The Daily Beast, 'We're not supporting NIAC now and we have nothing to do with them.' 'Back then there were people arguing, Try to get into Iran and we thought this was a way forward,' Gershman said. 'We weren't aware when these grants were made that NIAC were presenting themselves as a lobby. We didn't know that. Our effort was to work with emerging space in Iran. We were trying something that might be a way to help people on the inside. But that quickly became unworkable; the grant didn't work. Then NIAC showed itself as a lobby organization, so we have nothing to do with them anymore. Not every grant works out the way you want it to.' Asked if that meant that NED regretted working with NIAC, Gershman answered: 'Yes, I think that's true.' At the same time it was taking U.S. taxpayer money, NIAC wanted to end U.S. government support for NGOs which categorically opposed the Islamic Republic." http://t.uani.com/1M91rDP  
         

Eye on Iran is a periodic news summary from United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) a program of the American Coalition Against Nuclear Iran, Inc., a tax-exempt organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Eye on Iran is not intended as a comprehensive media clips summary but rather a selection of media elements with discreet analysis in a PDA friendly format. For more information please email Press@UnitedAgainstNuclearIran.com

United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) is a non-partisan, broad-based coalition that is united in a commitment to prevent Iran from fulfilling its ambition to become a regional super-power possessing nuclear weapons.  UANI is an issue-based coalition in which each coalition member will have its own interests as well as the collective goal of advancing an Iran free of nuclear weapons.

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