Deadly
False Narratives Drove the Temple Mount Crisis
by Yaakov Lappin
Special to IPT News
August 2, 2017
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 The crisis between
Israel and the Palestinians that raged in recent weeks over the Temple
Mount/Al-Aqsa holy site in Jerusalem has died down, but the affair provides
important clues about the rising ability of fundamentalist Islamists to
seize control of the narrative.
Radical rhetoric espoused by those who sought to inflame religious
conflict dominated the Temple Mount crisis.
"Israel wants more than ever before to implement its plan for complete
control over al-Aksa Mosque," Hamas politburo chief Ismael Haniyeh said, even after
Israel moved to defuse the situation. Days earlier, Hamas had called for a "religious war" against Israel.
Islamists in Gaza, Jordan, east Jerusalem, and within the Israeli Arab
community, had the upper hand in their ability to push their interpretation
of events. They claim Israel wants to take over the holy site and destroy
the mosque to make way for a third Temple. This baseless narrative sweeps
away the terrorist attack that caused the crisis and presented three
Palestinians killed in subsequent clashes with Israeli security forces in
Jerusalem as martyrs who died defending Islam.
Not to be outdone by their Islamist rivals, Palestinian Authority (PA)
leaders peddled the same falsehoods. Religious Affairs Minister Sheikh
Yusuf Idai'is told the official PA television channel that Israel
"has plans to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque and establish the alleged
Temple in its place."
Those seeking religious strife were able to mobilize masses onto the
streets, with the help of self-organizing demonstrators and rioters who
were infected with the Islamist fervor, and spread it themselves on social
media.
Together, these elements forced pragmatic Arab leaders – who do not
subscribe to Islamist ideology – to adopt the Islamist narrative, and to
deal with Israel as if it was guilty of the Islamic hard-liners' fabricated
accusations.
A recap: The crisis erupted when a terrorist jihadist cell, made up of
three Arab-Israeli gunmen, used firearms smuggled into the Al-Aqsa Mosque –
Islam's third holiest site – to shoot dead two Israeli police officers.
Security forces then returned fire, killing the gunmen.
Until the attack, Israel had been relying on intelligence alerts, rather
than physical security measures, to defend the site. But the shootings led
the Israel Police to ask the Israeli government to beef up security, and
install metal detectors.
The government agreed, despite the misgivings of the Israeli defense
establishment, which was concerned that the move would fuel the propaganda
of fundamentalist forces, leading to unrest and instability.
The defense establishment's concerns came true. Rioting erupted in
Jerusalem and the West Bank. Mass demonstrations were held in Israel's
eastern neighbor, Jordan, and included members of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood.
A Palestinian knife attacker, pledging
to "die for Al-Aqsa" on his Facebook page, massacred three
members of an Israeli family in their home in the West Bank.
All of these events were driven by incitement to religious violence. The
unrest was sparked by the false accusation that Israel was seeking to
change the status quo at Al-Aqsa, and that the site needed defending from
Israelis schemes. It is a conspiracy theory that has been peddled by
Palestinian hardliners for decades, dating back to the days of Hajj Amin Al
Husseini in the 1920s and 30s.
Hamas in Gaza and Palestinian Islamic Jihad praised the Temple Mount shooters as
"heroic," and called for more attacks. They issued a rallying call to defend Al-Aqsa. A Salafist-jihadist
group in Gaza fired two rockets at southern Israel.
Israel responded with tank fire at a Hamas military post.
Turkey, ruled by a pro-Hamas variant of the Muslim Brotherhood,
exploited the tensions to urge all Muslims to "protect
Jerusalem," and called on Israel to end the crisis. Israel's Foreign
Ministry called it "absurd that the Turkish government,
which occupies northern Cyprus, brutally represses the Kurdish minority and
jails journalists, lectures Israel, the only true democracy in the region.
The days of the Ottoman Empire have passed."
Iran helped fuel the unrest, Israel Hayom reported,
by sending protesters "tens of thousands of ... prepackaged meals
along with notes in each one citing a famous quote attributed to 1979
Iranian Revolution leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini: 'With the help of
Allah, Palestine will be liberated! Jerusalem is ours.' The note also depicted
the Dome of the Rock and the Palestinian flag."
Additionally, a senior Iranian official reportedly
met with Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad representatives in Iran, offering
them assistance for Palestinians injured in clashes. The IRGC released a statement, condemning "the
Zionist regime's aggressive and criminal actions against Al-Aqsa
mosque."
In Israel, Sheikh Raed Saleh, the former leader of the now banned
Islamic Movement – a sister organization to Hamas – led a funeral
procession for the three Arab Israeli terrorists. Thousands of mourners marched belligerently by the
coffins of the terrorists, shouting, "By fire and with blood we will
redeem you, Al-Aqsa," and, "You are the martyrs of Al-Aqsa."
Palestinian social media buzzed with calls to defend Al-Aqsa. The
Islamist narrative had won the day.
Israel tried to challenge this mythology by directly addressing
Palestinians. "So that the truth is clear, when did the Temple Mount
incidents erupt?" IDF Coordinator of Government Activities in the
Territories Maj.-Gen. Yoav Mordechai asked in Arabic on Al Jazeera. "A
week ago. After a terror attack was committed by three Muslims, who entered
the Temple Mount with weapons and opened fire. Israel does not want to change
the status quo. This is a clear message to the world from the Muslim
world."
His message appeared to largely fall on deaf ears. With the
fundamentalist rhetoric leading the way, even pragmatic Arab leaders, some
of whom rely on cooperation with Israel for the very stability of their
rule, felt the need to play according to the radical playbook, in order to
avoid being tagged as Israel's 'abettors.'
The most obvious example was Palestinian Authority President,
Mahmoud Abbas. Without Israel's steps to quell Hamas in the West Bank,
Abbas's Palestinian Authority would have faced multiple armed attempts by Islamists to depose him .
During the Temple Mount unrest, Abbas cut security coordination between
his forces and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
"Jerusalem is ours. It is our capital and our sovereignty. As long
as the situation in occupied Jerusalem does not return to what it was
before July 14 [when Israel installed metal detectors], there will be no
changes [in our position]," Abbas said, according to a Middle East
Media Research Institute (MEMRI) translation.
Promoting the lie that the Al-Aqsa Mosque required protection from
Israel, Abbas told east Jerusalem Palestinians, "What you did was
defend your honor, your religion and your holy sites. It was the true
answer to those who wish to harm our holy sites and the principles of our
faith. We supported you in what you did and are [still] doing. We decided
to suspend the security coordination; [that decision] still holds. We
[decided to] defend the holy sites; that still holds as well."
The Fatah movement, which runs the Palestinian Authority, added fuel to
the fire. With the full knowledge that it was risking new clashes, Fatah's
Central Committee called for mass protests.
Egypt and Jordan, both of whom are busy combating Islamist threats at
home, called on Israel to remove the metal detectors.
The situation in Jordan became even more complicated when an Israeli
embassy guard was stabbed by a local youth. The guard opened fire to defend
himself, killing the attacker and accidentally shooting dead a second
Jordanian citizen who was nearby.
Jordan's King Abdullah refused to allow the Israeli guard to leave
Amman, reversing his decision only after Israel said it would remove the
metal detectors.
King Abdullah, one of the Arab worlds' most moderate leaders, whose
Kingdom shares many common interests with Israel, still felt the need to
issue a statement vowing to prevent the "Judaization" of holy
sites in Jerusalem.
Jordan controls the Jerusalem Islamic trust in charge of the Al-Aqsa
Mosque, called the Waqf. Behind the scenes, Jordan helped end the Temple
Mount crisis, which threatened to destabilize it.
The Waqf told Islamic worshipers that they could re-enter the Temple
Mount after Israel had removed the metal detectors.
Even after the crisis reached a resolution, the Palestinian Authority
remained highly wary of being labeled as a collaborator with Israel.
An aide to Abbas said security coordination with Israel would only be
resumed "gradually," to avoid giving the impression
that the Palestinian Authority is too enthusiastic about working with the
Israeli military in the West Bank.
The crisis provides a clear indication of the influence that Islamist
propaganda has on the area. Even Arab leaders who are directly threatened
by radical forces feel they must march according to their drumbeat, or risk
their very legitimacy.
Israel's decision to dismantle the metal detectors was designed to
prevent the Islamist pyromaniacs from using the Al-Aqsa crisis to set the
region on fire.
The fact that the Islamists came so close to succeeding, however, is the
latest indication of who is in charge of the popular narrative in the
region.
Yaakov Lappin is a military and strategic affairs correspondent. He
also conducts research and analysis for defense think tanks, and is the
Israel correspondent for IHS Jane's Defense Weekly. His book, The
Virtual Caliphate, explores the online jihadist presence.
Related Topics: Yaakov
Lappin, Palestinian
terror attacks, Palestinian
incitement, Temple
Mount, Al
Aqsa Mosque, Mahmoud
Abbas, Ismael
Haniyeh, Hamas,
Yusuf
Ida'is, Muslim
Brotherhood, Raed
Salah, Yoav
Mordechai, MEMRI
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